Full Chapter Notes
Short Question
MCQ’s
Class 12th Biology Chapter – “Growth and Development” focuses on the processes that organisms undergo from conception to maturity. Key topics typically covered in this chapter include:
- Definitions: Understanding the concepts of growth (an increase in size and mass) and development (the progression of changes that occur in an organism over time).
- Types of Growth: Differentiation between:
- Primary Growth: Increase in length, mainly occurring in plants at their tips (apical growth).
- Secondary Growth: Increase in girth, typically seen in woody plants due to the activity of the vascular cambium.
- Phases of Growth: Overview of the stages of growth, including:
- Embryonic Development: Rapid growth and differentiation during the embryonic stage.
- Juvenile Phase: Growth before reaching reproductive maturity.
- Mature Phase: Stabilization of growth and entry into reproductive stages.
- Factors Affecting Growth: Exploration of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence growth, such as:
- Genetic Factors: Influence of heredity on growth patterns.
- Environmental Factors: Impact of nutrition, temperature, light, and moisture on growth.
- Plant Growth Regulators: Examination of hormones in plants that regulate growth and development, including:
- Auxins
- Gibberellins
- Cytokinins
- Abscisic Acid
- Ethylene
- Human Growth and Development: Discussion of the growth process in humans, including physical, emotional, and social development across different life stages (childhood, adolescence, adulthood).
- Growth Measurement: Overview of methods to measure growth, such as height, weight, and biomass, and understanding growth curves.
- Applications: Insight into the applications of growth and development studies in agriculture, medicine, and biotechnology.
This chapter provides a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms and factors involved in the growth and development of organisms, essential for further studies in biology and related fields. If you need more specific details or additional topics, feel free to ask!