Class 12th Chemistry-Group III A and Group IVA Elements

Full Chapter Notes

Short Question

MCQ’s with Exercise

Class 12th Chemistry Chapter – “Group III A and Group IV A Elements” covers the properties and characteristics of elements in these groups of the periodic table. Here’s a brief overview:

Group III A Elements (Group 13)

1. Composition: Includes boron (B), aluminium (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), and thallium (Tl).
2. Properties:
   • Boron is a metalloid, while the others are metals.
   • They have three valence electrons, typically forming +3 oxidation states.
3. Reactivity: Group III A elements show varying reactivity; aluminium is notably reactive, forming a protective oxide layer.
4. Compounds: Common compounds include oxides, halides, and hydrides. Aluminium oxide and boron trifluoride are significant examples.

Group IV A Elements (Group 14)

1. Composition: Comprises carbon (C), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), and flerovium (Fl).
2. Properties:
   • Carbon is a non-metal; silicon and germanium are metalloids, while tin and lead are metals.
   • They have four valence electrons, allowing them to form multiple oxidation states, primarily +4 and +2.
3. Reactivity: The reactivity varies widely, with carbon forming a vast range of compounds, while lead is less reactive.
4. Compounds: Notable compounds include carbon dioxide, silicon dioxide, and various organometallic compounds.

This chapter emphasizes the distinct properties and significance of these groups in chemistry, their applications, and their roles in various chemical processes.