MCQ’s
Notes with Exercise
Class 11th Biology Chapter 10, Kingdom Animalia, provides an introduction to the animal kingdom, highlighting its diversity, characteristics, and classification. Here’s a general overview:
- Characteristics of Kingdom Animalia:
- Multicellular and Eukaryotic: Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms with complex cells lacking cell walls.
- Heterotrophic: Unlike plants, animals are heterotrophs, meaning they obtain their food from other organisms rather than producing it themselves.
- Mobility: Most animals have the ability to move at some point in their life cycle, using specialized structures like muscles.
- Complex Organization: Animals have specialized tissues, organs, and systems to perform various functions such as digestion, respiration, and reproduction.
- Reproduction: Animals reproduce sexually, with some capable of asexual reproduction. Their life cycle usually includes developmental stages.
- Classification of Kingdom Animalia: Kingdom Animalia is divided into various phyla based on body structure, symmetry, and development. The major phyla include:
- Porifera: Known as sponges, these animals lack true tissues and organs. They have a porous body and are sessile (non-motile).
- Cnidaria: Includes jellyfish, corals, and sea anemones. These animals have radial symmetry and specialized stinging cells called cnidocytes.
- Platyhelminthes: Also called flatworms, they have bilateral symmetry and a flattened body. They lack specialized respiratory and circulatory systems.
- Nematoda: Roundworms, which have a cylindrical body, bilateral symmetry, and a complete digestive tract.
- Annelida: Segmented worms like earthworms and leeches. They have a segmented body and a closed circulatory system.
- Arthropoda: The largest phylum, including insects, spiders, and crustaceans. They have an exoskeleton, jointed appendages, and a segmented body.
- Mollusca: Includes snails, clams, and squids. Mollusks have a soft body, often protected by a hard shell.
- Echinodermata: Marine animals like starfish and sea urchins. They exhibit radial symmetry and have a water vascular system for movement.
- Chordata: This phylum includes animals with a notochord (a flexible, rod-like structure) at some stage of development. Vertebrates (animals with a backbone) belong to this phylum.
- Major Groups of Vertebrates: Vertebrates, a subphylum of Chordata, are further classified into five major classes:
- Pisces (Fishes): Aquatic vertebrates with gills and fins. They have a streamlined body and are cold-blooded.
- Amphibia: Includes frogs, toads, and salamanders. They live both on land and in water, with a moist skin and are cold-blooded.
- Reptilia: Includes snakes, lizards, and turtles. Reptiles are cold-blooded, have dry scaly skin, and lay eggs on land.
- Aves (Birds): Warm-blooded vertebrates with feathers, wings, and a beak. Most birds are adapted for flight.
- Mammalia: Warm-blooded vertebrates with hair or fur. Mammals give birth to live young and nourish them with milk.
- Importance of Animals:
- Ecological Role: Animals play a crucial role in ecosystems as consumers, maintaining balance in food chains and webs.
- Economic Significance: Animals provide food, clothing (wool, leather), and labor (in agriculture).
- Medical Research: Many animals are used in research to understand human biology and develop medicines.
This chapter provides insight into the vast diversity of animals and their essential roles in both ecosystems and human society.