Full Chapter Notes
Short Question
MCQ’s with Exercise
Class 12th Chemistry Chapter – “Group VA and Group VIA Elements” focuses on the properties, characteristics, and significance of the elements in these groups of the periodic table. Here’s a concise overview:
Group VA Elements (Group 15)
- Composition: Includes nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), and bismuth (Bi).
- Properties:
- Nitrogen and phosphorus are non-metals; arsenic and antimony are metalloids, while bismuth is a metal.
- They have five valence electrons, allowing them to form multiple oxidation states, typically -3, +3, and +5.
- Reactivity: Nitrogen is relatively inert due to the strong triple bond in N₂, while phosphorus is more reactive, especially white phosphorus.
- Compounds: Notable compounds include ammonia (NH₃), phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄), and nitrogen oxides (NO, NO₂).
Group VIA Elements (Group 16)
- Composition: Comprises oxygen (O), sulfur (S), selenium (Se), tellurium (Te), and polonium (Po).
- Properties:
- Oxygen and sulfur are non-metals, selenium and tellurium are metalloids, while polonium is a metal.
- They have six valence electrons, forming oxidation states of -2, +2, +4, and +6.
- Reactivity: Oxygen is highly reactive and essential for combustion; sulfur is also reactive, forming various compounds with metals and non-metals.
- Compounds: Key compounds include water (H₂O), sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), and various oxides.
This chapter provides an understanding of the unique properties and chemical behavior of these groups, emphasizing their significance in various chemical reactions and real-world applications.